Maus-tratos entre adolescentes do sexo feminino no ensino privado e público / Maltreatment among female adolescents in private and public education

Em função da idade e do gênero, adolescentes do sexo feminino são especialmente vulneráveis à s violências, sobretudo aos maus-tratos (violência no âmbito das relações interpessoais). Neste estudo, objetivou-se descrever/caracterizar a ocorrência de maus-tratos entre estudantes do sexo feminino (n=1.174), com idade entre 11 e 18 anos, por meio do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Brasil (CTQ-Br). Do total das adolescentes, 87% de escolas privadas e 93% de públicas indicaram algum tipo de maus-tratos, especialmente abuso emocional e negligência emocional, havendo, para a maioria, coocorrências/polivitimização. A pontuação total no instrumento foi significativamente maior nas escolas públicas, assim como a proporção de abusos e/ou negligências em níveis de gravidade moderado/severo. Os resultados denotam uma grande porcentagem de adolescentes maltratadas e a maior vulnerabilidade daquelas de escolas públicas, entendendo o tipo de escola como indicador de classe socioeconômica. Estes resultados podem auxiliar nas discussões de políticas públicas de prevenção e enfrentamento da violência

Due to age and gender, female adolescents are especially vulnerable to violence, particularly to maltreatment (the violence in the interpersonal relationships). The aim of this study was to describe/characterize the occurrence of maltreatment among female students (n=1,174), aged 11 to 18 years, through the Brazilian Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Br). Considering all the adolescents, 87% of private schools and 93% of public school indicated some abuse, especially Emotional Abuse and Emotional Neglect, existing for the majority co-occurrences/polyvictimization. The total score on the instrument was significantly higher in public schools, as was the proportion of abuses and/or neglect at moderate/severe levels. The results indicate a large percentage of maltreated adolescents and a greater vulnerability of those in public schools, considering the school type as an indicator of socioeconomic class. These can help discussions on public policies prevention and coping with violence

Conocimientos sobre el maltrato infantil en los escenarios asistenciales de la brigada mÚdica cubana en Oruro, Bolivia / Knowledge of child abuse in the health care settings of the Cuban Medical Brigade in Oruro, Bolivia

Introducción: el maltrato infantil ha sido históricamente un problema social que ha afectado sobre todo, a los países en vías de desarrollo. Este se ha convertido en un fenómeno alarmante, con raíces socioculturales y psicológicas que aparecen en cualquier nivel económico, social y educativo.Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos que sobre maltrato infantil tienen los padres o tutores que acuden a las consultas de pediatría de la brigada médica cubana en Oruro.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal, donde se aplicó un cuestionario validado por expertos a 185 padres o tutores de niños atendidos en la(s) consulta(s) de Pediatría de la brigada médica cubana, en el Departamento de Oruro, Bolivia, durante el periodo de marzo a mayo del año 2008.Resultados: no existe una adecuada información acerca del maltrato infantil y la televisión fue la vía principal de adquisición. El tipo de maltrato más identificado lo constituyó el poco afecto y cariño y como causa fundamental los problemas económicos. El criterio de identificación más predominante fue el niño con moretones y la conducta más difundida fue avisar a la policía. Solo un reducido número de las personas alegaron haber recibido algún tipo de capacitación con respecto al tema.Conclusiones: los conocimientos que tienen los padres o tutores sobre los temas relacionados con el maltrato infantil son escasos, así como la capacitación de los mismos, lo cual ofrece pautas para trazar estrategias de salud en el trabajo comunitario

Background: child abuse has historically been considered a social problem that has mainly affected the developing countries. It has become an alarming phenomenon having sociocultural and psychological roots at any levels such as economic, social and educative ones.Objective: to identify the knowledge that parents or tutors that present to the paediatric consultations of the Cuban Medical Brigade in Oruro have about child abuse.Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was performed in which a questionnaire validated by experts was applied to 185 parents or tutors of children who have been treated in the paediatric consultations of the Cuban Medical Brigade in Oruro, Bolivia during the period of March-May, 2008.Results: there is no adequate information about child abuse and the television was the main means of acquisition of information about this topic. The most identified child abuse was the lack of affection and love as the principal cause of economic problems. The most predominant identification criterion was the evidence of bruises and the most widespread behaviour was to call the police. Only a few number of people reported to have received training regarding this topic.Conclusions: the knowledge that parents or tutors have about the topics related to child abuse are very scarce as well as their training. This provides guidelines to develop health strategies in the community work